Veteran food industry watchdog Marion Nestle once called the International Food Information Council (IFIC) “the most reasonable of industry front groups.” Reasonable or not, IFIC is still an industry-funded research firm paid to prop up corporate interests, and its bias is on full display in a recent IFIC publication summarizing its findings from a series of experiments on front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling.
Unpacking industry-funded front-of-package labeling research
The food industry has spent more than a decade derailing progress toward U.S. regulations that would require simple nutrition information on the fronts of food packages to promote transparency and healthier food choices, so it’s no surprise that the spin doctors at IFIC are presenting the results from their recent study as arguments against strong front-of-package labeling regulation.
The topline conclusion of IFIC’s report (which did not undergo peer review) is that “no single FOP scheme was best.”
To its credit, IFIC transparently published all of its research questions and results. However, the group’s main experiment did not test the label format under the FDA’s consideration, which is preferred by most public health advocates and is most similar to front-of-package labels already adopted in more than a dozen countries. It also chose to focus its conclusions on null findings, sweeping under the rug significant findings that did not align with IFIC’s preferred narrative. These choices betray a pro-industry bias and an apparent agenda to influence FDA policy in favor of the industry’s preferred “Facts Up Front”-style labels.
The long road to front-of-package nutrition labeling regulation
For background, the Institute of Medicine first called on U.S. regulators to introduce front-of-package labeling in a series of reports from 2010-2012, sparking the FDA to consider requiring such labels under the Obama administration. In response, two of the largest food industry trade groups—the Grocery Manufacturers Association (now Consumer Brands Association) and FMI, The Food Industry Association—successfully staved off regulation for 13 years and counting by introducing the industry-led, voluntary Facts Up Front label. Facts Up Front allows manufacturers to display icons with per-serving quantities of calories, saturated fat, sodium, added sugars (“nutrients to limit”), and up to two “nutrients to encourage,” including dietary fiber, protein, calcium, potassium, or Vitamins A, C, or D.
Public health advocates and nutrition researchers point out that not a single study shows Facts Up Front-style labels encourage healthier choices. However, other label formats have proven highly successful, particularly those that characterize the levels of nutrients using simple terms like “High” that help put numerical information already available on the Nutrition Facts label into context, rather than relying on numerical information that’s already available on the Nutrition Facts label, as Facts Up Front does.
In the past few years, the FDA has shown renewed interest in adopting a mandatory front-of-pack labeling system, and a proposed rule is now slated for this summer. Predictably, industry has been advocating for the FDA to select the Facts Up Front design (or something very similar). Industry argues that if the FDA seeks to replace Facts Up Front with something new, the new system must “demonstrate a clear benefit above this already widely used and recognized front-of-pack nutrition labeling approach.” In so doing, the industry effectively argues that the effort it began principally to stave off regulation should be considered both the status quo and the gold standard.